A college president need not be effective in designing promotional brochures. A corporate executive need not be able to program the department's computer system. These examples illustrate in a bureaucratic organization.



Division of labour

Explanation:

Bureaucracy organizational form is widely known in the world today with a specially distinguished characteristics such as division of labor, hierarchal authority, impersonal administration, explicit written rules and others. The components of bureaucracy includes: Specialization of task, limited tasks, Hierarchy of office and authority, Technical competence, Impersonality and others.

In the famous Weber's principles of bureaucracy, there are;

1. division of labor/functional specialization

2. hierarchy of authority

3. competence/system or rules

4. objectivity/impersonality

Division of labor leads to a higher organizational complexity as it is the fundamental organizing activity in a society. It is often refered to as a functional specialization that is credited or paid to do one duty and that alone. There is also full time, promoted based on experience and qualifications.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’

productive most commonly means: achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

explanation:

productive can also mean:

these depend on how the word productive is used. most likely productive will mean   achieving or producing a significant amount or result.