1. Kant and many other philosophers hold that one has duties to oneself, including a duty to refrain from harmful activities. Can there be duties that one owes to oneself? If not, why not? If so, is refraining from smoking (tobacco) one of them?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Kant and many other philosophers hold that one has duties to oneself, including a duty to refrain from harmful activities. Can there be duties that one owes to oneself?

Yes. Indeed the work of Emmanuel Kant and David Hume is based on ethics and high morals as one of the most important virtues that a human must show during its life. Particularly, in the case of Emmanuel Kant, his work was based on a strict understanding of concepts such as liberty, the use of logic to create a rational process of thinking, the dignity of the human being, and the purity of the actions of an individual.

Refraining from smoking (tobacco) could be one of them in that Kant considered that the internal struggle of the individual when it got the time to make a decision or act correspondingly, was part of the inner struggle.

haile selassie i was the emperor of ethiopia from 1930-1974

d - failures.

the only attempted british colony in north america before 1600 was roanoke, virginia, which was a total failure. england claimed several areas, including newfoundland, but made no sustainable attempts to colonize them before 1600.