Participant-observation refers to the:

a. Observation of how people interact in contrived situations.
b. Use of a laboratory to standardize measurements.
c. Fieldwork method of immersing oneself firsthand in the language and activities of a society.
d. Employment of natives to gather information from their peers for the anthropologists to study.

Fieldwork method of immersing oneself firsthand in the language and activities of a society

Explanation:

The participant observation method is also known as the ethnographic research. The participant observation method

is when a sociologist becomes a part of the group that they are studying so as to collect data and also understand a social phenomenon or problem.

Sometimes, the group that the sociologist is studying is aware that a sociologist is studying them.

Participant-observation refers to:

c. c. Fieldwork method of immersing oneself firsthand in the language and activities of a society.

Explanation:

In a participant-observation, the observer becomes part of the participants.  This enables him or her to immerse in the society or group being observed and gives him or her firsthand information about the characteristics under observation.

It is a qualitative research method, since the researcher not only observes the participants, but also engages in the activities of the group under observation.

There are four types of observational research, with varying degrees of participation and observation, including:

a) Complete Observer.

b) Observer as Participant.

c) Participant as Observer.

d) Complete Participant.

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