A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks them to respect the other students in the class by turning off their phone. In this situation, the professor used to maintain social control.

The professor used informal negative sanction to maintain social control.

Explanation:

A negative sanction is a punishment for breaking an established social norm. An informal sanction is the type that occurs in interaction with other people, instead of being carried out by an authority. Examples of everyday informal negative sanctions are gossip, social ostracism, public ridicule, insults, among others. In this case, the professor chose to punish the student by exposing them, making it clear they are breaking a norm and disrespecting others. He chose not to impose his authority as a professor, which would have been a formal sanction.

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