As opposed to automatic processing, refers to encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

effortful processing.

Explanation:

Effortful processing refers to the situation when we consciously make efforts to learn and remember (encoding) new knowledge. People generally remember a lot of things without making any effort which is called automatic processing but when they make efforts or apply special techniques such as to rehearse, practice, etc to retain that information it is called effortful processing.

answer; no longer than a reasonable period of time;

answer; longitudinal;