What type of wave vibrates parallel to the direction of travel

Why do scientists believe that light is made of streams of particles? scientists believe that light is made of streams of particles because only the presence of photons can explain phenomena observed during experiments on the photoelectric effect. these observations include only some frequencies of light causing the ejection of electrons, no time gap existing between light striking a metal and electrons being ejected, and intensity having no effect on the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons.

Your 249 ml cup of coffee is too hot to drink when served at 82 degree celsius. what is the mass of an ice cube taken from a -21 degree celsius freezer, that will cool your coffee to a pleasant 54 degree celsius. specific heat of the water is 4190 j/kg c, specific heat of ice is 2090 j/kg c, heat of fusion of ice is 3.33 x 10^5 j/kg

What are similarities and differences between refraction, reflection, diffraction and absorption?