In the sum →a+→b=→c, vector →a has a magnitude of 12.0 m and is angled 40.0° counterclockwise from the +x direction, and vector →c has a magnitude of 15.0 m and is angled 20.0° counterclockwise from the −x direction. what are (a) the magnitude and (b) the angle (relative to +x) of →b?

Explanation: Ok, first caracterize the two vectors that we know.

A = ax + ay = (12*cos(40°)*i + 12*sin(40°)*j) m

now, see that C is angled 20° from -x, -x is angled 180° counterclockwise from +x, so C is angled 200° counterclockwise from +x

C = cx + cy = (15*cos(200°)*i + 15*sin(200°)*j) m

where i and j refers to the versors associated to te x axis and the y axis respectively.

in a sum of vectors, we must decompose in components, so: ax + bx  = cx and ay + by = cy. From this two equations we can obtain B.

bx= (15*cos(200°) - 12*cos(40°)) m = -23.288 m

by = (15*sin(200°) - 12*sin(40°)) m = -12.843 m

Now with te value of both components of B, we proceed to see his magnitude an angle relative to +x.

Lets call a to the angle between -x and B, from trigonometry we know that tg(a) = by/bx, that means a = arctg(12.843/23.288) = 28.8°

So the total angle will be 180° + 28.8° = 208.8°.

For the magnitude of B, lets call it B', we can use the angle that we just obtained.

bx = B'*cos(208.8°) so B' = (-23.288 m)/cos(208.8°) =  26.58 m.

So the magnitude of B is 26.58 m.

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