1. how does orbital velocity relate to altitude above the surface of a planet? 2. how is orbital velocity different from tangential (linear) velocity?

1.

Orbital velocity is the velocity of a satellite with which it goes around a planet in a stable orbit.

We know that orbital velocity is given bu:

Where, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the planet and r is the distance from the planet.

The orbital velocity is inversely proportional to the distance from the planet i.e. the altitude. Hence, As the altitude above the surface of a planet increases, the orbital velocity decreases.

2.

The tangential velocity is constant as it is tangential to the circular (orbital)  path. Orbital velocity is the velocity of a satellite with which it goes around a planet in a stable orbit. Orbital velocity keeps on changing as the direction changes in the circular path. Orbital velocity can be written as the sum of tangential velocity and radial velocity.

the components of a vector are the parts of the vectors that are to each other.

b perpendicular