During the song dynasty, those who bypassed the civil service exams and gained government posts through privilege, including those whose fathers or grandfathers held high ranks in the government, began their government service

True

Explanation:

The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The song dynasty was much more advanced for its time, they were first to issue paper money along with the permanent standing navy, use of gunpowder. During this period importance was paid attention to on the civil service exams. The officers were selected by competitive written examination so capable individuals would get a chance to govern. At the beginning of the government, civil service was controlled by the two elite groups who took the privilege to appoint their relations.

the democratic and republican parties

explanation:

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