How were the black codes related to the passage of the thirteenth amendment
a. after the thirteenth amendment banned slavery, black codes were created to restrict the rights of african americans.
b. southern landowners were exempt from obeying the thirteenth amendment as a result of black codes.
c. the thirteenth amendment banned slavery, so african americans in the south were no longer affected by black codes.
d. black codes called for the end of slavery prior to passage of the thirteenth amendment.