The end of viking expansion in europe was due to all of the following except

- the tighter control of scandinavian monarchs over their subjects

- the civilizing force of christianity

- the inability of the vikings to penetrate the central regions of europe

- grants of land to viking settlers by the franks

The correct answer is the civilizing force of Christianity

Explanation:  The Viking era came to an end due to the growth of Christianity and how Christianity entered society, leaving not much of the Viking culture left.

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the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

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