(hurry 54 minutes left) : abraham lincoln reacted to the hanging of john brown by a. celebrating his death with speeches endorsing violence against slaveholders. b. advocating that the slave states secede. c. calling for the freeing of all slaves. d. refusing to excuse brown's violent tactics.

D. "Refusing to excuse Brown's violent tactics."

Explanation:

Lincoln is stated as of having thought of Brown as more of a terrorist, and that his violent actions were not the way that people should go about attempting to end slavery.

It makes sense that he would think this as Lincoln needed to get as many Americans on his side for the future whether northern or southern as of course he intended to reunite them. Southerns saw brown as a terrorist and Lincoln could not let himself be known as an advocate of more violence on American soil.

b. major john c. frémont led a rebellion called the bear flag revolt.

explanation:

during the bear flag revolt, from june to july 1846, a small group of american settlers in california rebelled against the mexican government and proclaimed california an independent republic. the republic was short-lived because soon after the bear flag was raised, the u.s. military began occupying california, which went on to join the union in 1850. the bear flag became the official state flag in 1911.

answer: secession

secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the american civil war, comprises the series of events that began on december 20, 1860, and extended through june 8 of the next year when eleven states in the lower and upper south severed their ties with the union. the first seven seceding states of the lower south set up a provisional government at montgomery, alabama. after hostilities began at fort sumter in charleston harbor on april 12, 1861, the border states of virginia, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to richmond, virginia. the union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines. twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the united states, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the confederate states of america.

explanation: