When did southern politicians view it as politically expedient to appeal to states’ rights in the 1850s? and when did they appeal to federal power?

why did the republican party form in 1854? and what did it stand for?

how did international politics shape the american revolution?

Founded in 1854 as a coalition opposing the extension of slavery into Western territories, the Republican Party fought to protect the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.

Explanation:this is your answer for the second question you asked  sorry i don't know the first and the last

assuming that by westerners you mean americans. that they were mean and controlling and abusive to its peasants.

explanation:

the correct answer is "pioneers carried all of their possessions on long and dangerous trails".

the first wave of pioneers travelled in 1842. they were merely 100 people. the next year that sum climbed to 1000 men, women, and children. these people travelled around 2,000 miles to oregon in the hopes of a better life. although the first part of the trip didn't present many obstacles, as time and miles went by they learnt that threat came from simple things, like becoming ill due to unclean water or bad food.

the weather didn't much, as wagons couldn't protect them from storms. as they travelled through the desert, the intense heat caused wood to shrink. their own lips abscessed and split because of the dry air. the only cure for this was to rub axle grease on their lips.

even crossing rivers was dangerous. sometimes wheels were damaged by unseen rocks on shallow water. mud didn't much either. pioneers were afraid of indian attacks, but there aren't many records of fights between pioneers and native americans. accidents happened because of negligence, exhaustion, guns, and bad weather.

history says that 1 of 10 pioneers who travelled to oregon didn't survive the journey. diseases spread fastly because they didn't have doctors and medical care was ofently improvised. one of the most deadly diseases they came upon was cholera, which became a worldwide pandemia.