The dsm-iv-tr includes all of the following except the a) symptoms of a psychological disorder b)cause of a psychological disorder c)multi-axial evaluation for psychological disorder d) treatment options for a psychological disorder

B. Cause of the psychological disorder

DSM-IV-TR is a guide to clinical practice to facilitate research, improve communication among clinicians and researches, and serve as an educational tool. It is theoretical  approach to diagnosis and management. It does not reflect the etiology of mental disorders.

The right answer is B) cause of a psychological disorder.

The DSM-IV, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was published by the American-Psychiatric Association in 1994. It has been revised (DSM-IV-TR) in a minor way.

The DSM categorizes all the mental disorders (or psychiatric) recognized by the association and describes their diagnostic criteria. It is widely adopted internationally.

answer is b

  a   having low self-esteem

  b   having abusive family members

  c   having poor school attendance

  d   having friends who discuss gang life

living torture and being abused makes one not mind harming other people.

and also not being supported and abusing one turns one into this state.