Thomas built a sand castle that measured 15 feet by 10
feet, and dug a moat around it.
Afterward, he decided to change the castle size, making it 9
feet by 22 feet.
How much longer will the new moat be than the old one?

a complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.  

to write complex sentences, we must use subordinating conjunctions.  

all the complex sentences begin with a subordinating conjunction and when it occurs, a comma must be place at the end of the dependent clause. on the contrary, if the sentence begins with an independent clause, then no comma is used.

after  

although  

as  

because  

before  

if  

since  

when  

for example,  

after she won the competition, she became very popular.  

although my father was hurt, he continued fighting for his rights.  

as all of you got a ten, you will be able to leave early today.  

before he went to the war, he asked his parents to bless him.  

if it is cold, i won’t go out.  

since you didn’t bring the homework, you will get low grades.  

when it is hot in the town, everyone goes to the beach.  

answer: confusion.

the short story "lather and nothing else" by hernando tellez describes the inner struggles of a barber. he is a revolutionary, and while he is at his shop, he sees an important leader of the government come in. the barber has the choice of just shaving him, or killing him, and throughout the story, he struggles with having to choose one or the other one.

through this monologue, the mood that is created is one of confusion. the barber cannot bring himself to make a decision, as he is deeply conflicted between his loyalty to the revolution and his becoming a murderer. he is also unsure as to whether the assassination will in fact make any difference to the political situation.

if the italicized noun phrase is "the chairman", the correct option is s (subject). this noun phrase performs the syntactic function of subject of the main clause, as it preceeds the verb phrase ("heard") and is the doer of the action.

if the italicized noun phrase is "what was said about the program", the correct option is do (direct object). this noun phrase follows a transitive verb ("heard"), which requires a direct object to fully complete its meaning.

if the italicized noun phrase is "the program". the correct option is op (object of preposition). this noun phrase follows a preposition ("about"), which requires a prepositional object in order to complete its meaning.