Which of the four is the answer?

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?

Read this excerpt from white fang by jack london. the qualities in his kind that in the beginning made it possible for them to come in to the fires of men, were qualities capable of development. they were developing in him, and the camp-life, replete with misery as it was, was secretly endearing itself to him all the time. but white fang was unaware of it. he knew only grief for the loss of kiche, hope for her return, and a hungry yearning for the free life that had been his. which quotation from the paragraph supports the story’s theme of homesickness? “the camp life . . was secretly endearing itself to him all the time.” “but white fang was unaware of it.” “he knew only . . a hungry yearning for the free life that had been his.” “the qualities in his kind . . were qualities capable of development.”

Read the sentence. “yesterday we arrived late for the outdoor concert in the city gardens.” which words in the sentence are adverbs? a. late; city b. yesterday; outdoor c. yesterday; late d. outdoor; city