this is a quiz 6. Relate the sizes of the three subatomic particles to more tangible everyday objects. A= 7. What particles contain most of the mass of an atom? A= 8. What is in between the nucleus and the electrons? A= 9. What is the density of the nucleus? A= 10. How does this density compare with the density of water? A= 11. What is the most basic unit of matter? A= 12. Inside the most basic unit of matter, there are three different particles. What are they and how are they different from each other? A= 13. What are the three particles’ charges? A= 14. Which particles make up the nucleus of the atom? A= 15. The atom is made up of mostly . 16. What is the definition of an element? A= 17. What makes one element different from another element? A= 18. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Neon. A= 19. What is an isotope? A=

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.