Explain why the boiling point of water is a characteristic physical property, but the temperature and the volume of a glass of water are not.

Physical property does not change given substance chemically. When we boil the a water, which changes to steam which is still a water as a gas. Therefore boiling water is physical property and temperature and volume are not.

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water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.