Single-loop learning, according to Chris Argyris, is most appropriate when the environment is , goals and objective can be measured with a of certainty, and there is need for complex measures of performance.

Saade, morin, and thomas (2012) describe critical thinking as the mental processes of discernment, analysis, and evaluation applied to information in order to achieve a logical final understanding and/or judgment. describe your approach to breaking down information into component parts to better understand the characteristics of a statement, concept, or problem. how might outlining to develop understanding? how do you know when to reach beyond previous experience and seek out other sources of information to enhance your understanding of the work in front of you? (this response does not require research support.)

What statement about risks in social and behavioral sciences research is most accurate: anonymizing data effectively manages the risk of creating emotional distress. risks are specific to time, situation, and culture. there are never any risks. if a study offers potential benefits, it is not necessary to minimize risks.

The technique of getting a commitment from a potential customer and then changing the terms of the agreement is best described as low-balling. cognitive dissonance. reciprocal concession. the foot-in-the-door technique. a half-dozen high school students are going to a concert. chantal wants to wear a new colorful outfit that she just received as a gift, but she assumes that her five friends will all be wearing nothing but black leather. chantal decides to do likewise, and leaves her colorful outfit in the closet. chantal’s behavior is an example of conformity. resistance. reciprocation wariness. idiosyncrasy credits.