A firm currently has a debt-equity ratio of 1/2. The debt, which is virtually riskless, pays an interest rate of 6%. The expected rate of return on the equity is 12%. What would be the expected rate of return on equity if the firm reduced its debt-equity ratio to 1/3? Assume the firm pays no taxes.

Expected return on equity is 11.33%

Explanation:

Using Weighted Average Cost Capital without tax formula, overall rate of return is given by the formula:

WACC=(Ke*E/V)+(Kd*D/V)

Kd is the cost of debt at 6%

Ke is the cost of equity at 12%

D/E=1/2 which means debt is 1 and equity is 2

D/V=debt/debt+equity=1/1+2=1/3

E/V=equity/debt+equity=2/1+2=2/3

WACC=(12%*2/3)+(6%*1/3)

WACC=10%

If the firm reduces debt-equity ratio to 1/3,1 is for debt 3 is for equity

D/V=debt/debt+equity=1/1+3=1/4

E/V=equity/debt+equity=3/1+3=3/4

WACC=10%

10%=(Ke*3/4)+(6%*1/4)

10%=(Ke*3/4)+1.5%

10%-1.5%=Ke*3/4

8.5%=Ke*3/4

8.5%=3Ke/4

8.5%*4=3 Ke

34%=3 Ke

Ke=34%/3

Ke=11.33%

the page presents four different kinds of threats that volcanoes pose and what to do before, during, and after an eruption.

the correct answer would be b, when, queen, calder hall and london.

explanation:

we always capitalize words when a paragraph or sentence is starting, when an important name is used, when a place is being written, or simply when a noun is used, etc. so in this sentence, sentence is starting from 'when', so it will be written in capital letters. secondly, queen is considered to be an important person, so it will also be written in capital letter. next, the name of the town is mentioned, i-e calder hall, which will also be written in capital letters. in the last,   city name is being used, 'london', which will also be written in capital letters. so option b is the most appropriate one.