Police know the exact distance that it takes a car to stop at 80, 100, and 120 miles per hour. however at a crash scene, the police find skid marks longer than those left at any known speed. they use a graph to predict the car's speed as approximately 137 miles per hour. predicting a value or quantity beyond a known data range, based on a trend in the data, is

Answer – Extrapolation

Extrapolation is the estimation of a value or quantity beyond a known data range based on a trend in the data (in other words, deducing unknown values from trends in the known data). While extrapolating, one would usually estimate the unknown data with the presumption that existing trends in the known data will continue or that a current method will remain applicable.

fertilization, pictured in figure 24.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. the egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. to ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. in mammals, the egg is protected by a layer of extracellular matrix consisting mainly of glycoproteins called the zona pellucida. when a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. in placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in figure 24.23b. the fusion of these two membranes creates an opening through which the sperm nucleus is transferred into the ovum. the nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome.

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