Marc checked in to the urgent care with symptoms of fever, sore throat and fatigue. His strep test turned out to be positive. Streptococcus is an extracellular pathogen. Describe in detail which immune system will be activated in Marc's body and how will his immune cells fight the bacterium. (name all the molecules, cell structures and cells involved).

ANSWER:

Cytokines, Chemokines, Leukocytes, Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Dendritic cells are all involved

EXPLANATION:

On the incidence of Streptococcus, the immune system activates a complex response that relies basically on the instatement and activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.

These activities will only occur on the activation of innate immune responses through workout between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with streptococcus derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Moreso, cytokines and chemokines (well known are IL-1β and CXCL1 respectively) produced by macrophages and dendritic cells on exposure to Streptococcus, elicits neutrophil.

Neutrophils then produces antimicrobial proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sometimes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), all these for the bacterial infection control.

when you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. this increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. the intercostal muscles between your ribs also enlarge the chest cavity. they contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.

bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.