Explain how the turtle’s evolutionary process evolved the function of turtles shells?

The explanation for the turtle's evolutionary process was quite a challenging one for evolutionists.

Two categories of paradigms have come to offer their ideas about how they think the turtle came about its amour.

Palaeontologists (that is, those who examine and report on the history of life here on earth using fossil records) state that the turtle's shell developed into what it is now over time from bony scales same as those which can be found on armadilloes and crocodiles.

Development biologists have a  very different opinion. They theorize that the shell evolved out of ribs. The ribs, according to them due to the need for environmental adaptation, became wider, and flatter and eventually merged to form shells.

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prism b but im not for sure

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.