12. What is the purpose of fermentation to the yeast cells? What are the starting material, useful products (for the yeast), and waste products?

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Explanation:

The purpose of fermentation in yeast is the same as that in muscle and bacteria, to replenish the supply of NAD+ for glycolysis, but this process occurs in two steps: Alcoholic fermentation consists of pyruvate being first converted into acetaldehyde by the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase and releasing CO2.

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