A geneticist crosses tall pea plants with short pea plants. All the F_1 plants are tall. The F_1 plants are then allowed to self-fertilize, and the F_2 plants are classified by height: 62 tall and 26 short. From these results, the geneticist concludes that shortness in peas is due to a recessive allele (s) and that tallness is due to a dominant allele (S). On this hypothesis, 2/3 of the tall F_2 plants should be heterozygous Ss. To test this prediction, the geneticist uses pollen from each of the 62 tall plants to fertilize the ovules of emasculated flowers on short pea plants. The next year, three seeds from each of the 62 crosses are sown in the garden and the resulting plants are grown to maturity. If none of the three plants from a cross is short, the male parent is classified as having been homozygous Ss; if at least one of the three plants from a cross is short, the male parent is classified as having been heterozygous Ss.

Using this system of progeny testing, the geneticist concludes that 29 of the 62 tall F_2 plants were homozygous SS and that 33 of these plants were heterozygous Ss.
Using the chi-square procedure, evaluate these results for goodness of fit to the prediction that 2/3 of the tall F_2 plants should be heterozygous.
Informed by what you read in A Milestone in Genetics: Mendel's 1866 Paper (which you can find in the Student Companion site), explain why the geneticist's procedure for classifying tall F_2 plants by genotype is not definitive.
Adjust for the uncertainty in the geneticist's classification procedure and calculate the expected frequencies of homozygotes and heterozygotes among the tall F_2 plants.
Evaluate the predictions obtained in (c) using the chi-square procedure.

answer by yourhope:

hi! : )

in which structure in the nucleus are ribosomes made?

b) nucleolus!

: )

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

yes

no

blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. this is why we see a blue sky most of the time.