donna is studying phase changes. she claims that since the three phases have different amounts of energy, molecules in substances gain or lose energy only during phase transitions. what is incorrect about this claim?

molecules gain or lose energy during any temperature change, not just phase changes.
molecules do not have any energy changes, because they have a set amount of energy all the time.
molecules are constantly losing energy, no matter what phase change is happening.
energy levels are not related to phase changes.

The molecules do gain or loose energy from surrounding all the time depending on the temperature difference. So its not only during the state changes.

Option A.

The molecules in a particle has a particular amount of energy all the time. This is the molecular kinetic energy that owes to the vibration of a molecule at a particular time.

In case of a temperature difference between a matter and its surrounding, the molecules do either absorb energy or emit energy. During a state change, the energy absorption or emission is huge, which leads to the change of state, and there's no change in temperature of the matter at that particular time. So energy changes do occur at any time, not only during the change of state

that is wrong, its not thymus.

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.