Suppose there is a mutation in a laminin-binding integrin gene that causes a loss of function in the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin. which one of the following would you expect to observe as a result of this mutation?
a) the integrin would function normally because the cytoplasmic domain is not responsible for binding to laminin.
b) cell adhesion to laminin would decrease, but laminin-meditated gene expression would remain the same.
c) the strength of tissues would be decreased because the integrin could no longer associate with intermediate filaments in hemidesmosomes.

The correct answer to the question: Suppose there is a mutation in a laminin-binding integrin gene that causes a loss of function in the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin. Which one of the following would you expect to observe as a result of this mutation?, would be, C) The strength of tissues would be decreased because the integrin could no longer associate with intermediate filaments in hemidesmosomes.

Explanation:

Through integrin receptors, laminin contributes to cell attachment, differentiation, strengthen of tissue phenotype, movement, and shape of the cell and support of tissue survival. Therefore if a mutation occurs in the laminin-binding integrin gene producing a loss in the cytoplasmic domains, the interaction after they bind would be affected, due to the integrin would be unable to signal the cytoplasm and the maintenance of tissue will decrease.

Hemidesmosomes, are intermediate filaments composed of a group of proteins that cross the plasma membrane such as integrin (α6β4), collagen (BP180 or BPAG2), protein CD151 and another type of protein placed exclusively in the cytoplasm called plectin and BPAG1e. These proteins interact in the cytoplasm. Inside the hemidesmosomes, the proteins of the basement membrane and the filaments inside the cell settled a chain of connections.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.