What theory states that not only climate but several other factors determine the characteristics of the climax community

The correct answer is climax pattern theory.

Explanation:

The climax pattern theory was postulated by Whittaker in 1953. On the basis of this theory, various climaxes are mediated by the responses of species populations to abiotic and biotic conditions. Based on this theory, the entire environment of the ecosystem predicts the species composition, structure, and balance of a climax community. The environment comprises the response of the species towards temperature, nutrients, and moisture, the accessibility of flora and fauna to colonize the region, their biotic association, and chance dispersal of seeds and animals, disturbances like fire and wind, soils, and climate.

americans began to notice growing differences between the northern and southern sections of the country. there were more people living in cities in the north, which made it more urban. more people lived on farms in the south, which made it more rural. while many people were farmers in the northern states, there were now other ways to make a living, such as working in mechanical cotton gins factories manufacturing cloth, tools and other goods. people in the north supported high tariffs on goods imported from europe because the extra cost encouraged people to “buy american” instead. in the southern states, planters did not like tariffs because they sold most of their production to europe and bought their tools from there as well. southerners believed the protective tariff was something that only northern factory owners keep their profits high. so the southern politicians came up with an idea. they would opt out. they would simply ignore the protective tariff. it was ‘null and void’ in south carolina. the state would not collect the taxes on goods imported into south carolina, no matter what the president said they had to do. this decision led to the nullification crisis.

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).