This history began about 3,000 BCE with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom ruled by a divine hereditary monarch known as the Pharaoh. The Pharaohs were aided by an elaborate bureaucracy that included priests, administrators, and scribes. This government was able to undertake elaborate public works projects like the construction of Pyramids that served as tombs for the Pharaoh. Historians divide Egyptian History into the Old Kingdom (c. 2649 to 2150 BCE), the First Intermediate Period, Middle Kingdom (c. 2030-1640 BCE), the Second Intermediate Period, and the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1070). Social

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Interactions with the Environment

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Economic