Astudent acquires a sequence of behaviors, all of which must be done in order to gain a reinforcer. he has learned: a fading procedure a backward chain a behavioral chain a forward chain

I have learned to a behavioral chain. The behavioral chain is a sequence of events that led to behavior, having the ability to be aware of that chain of events helps people make better decisions or do things differently. For example, a chain of healthy behaviors could be a daily routine of exercise and healthy foods, which will help the person to have more energy during the day and a positive emotional state.

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The ceremonial column.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.