All of the following are characteristics of a dictatorship except: a. people who protest are often met with force b. the leader is not held accountable to anyone c. elections are usually rigged to ensure party victory d. citizens can replace the leader if he or she does not meet the citizens' needs

The answer is D. Citizens can replace the leader if he or she does not meet the citizens' needs.

Explanation:

In a dictatorship citizens' have no power, so they can't just replace the leader because all of the civil expressions of discontent and protest are highly controlled; protests are often met with force and elections, if there are any, are manipulated. This is the reason why most dictators manage to keep thier positions for many years.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.