Nwhich case did the supreme court hold that an illegally-conducted lineup does not invalidate later identifications resulting from an "independent source"?

Flowchart with 6 boxes. box a sits at the very bottom of the left side of the flowchart, which flows into box b. box b flows into box c. box c flows into box d. on the bottom of the right side of the flowchart, box f flows into box e, and box e flows into box d. box d is the highest point in the flowchart. which of the following sections represent state-level courts? d, e, f b, e a, b, c a, f

The primary purpose of a certificate of confidentiality is to: allow law enforcement to investigate abuse cases. protect researchers from disclosing conflicts of interest. prevent subjects from knowing the purpose of a study. protect identifiable research information from compelled disclosure.

Read the quote about government in iran. “we thought that mr. khatami’s victory was a victory for us as well. the election of a more democratic government seemed to be a bright new beginning . . but within less than a year of the election, the journalists, reformists, and intellectuals began to be persecuted by hard-liners in the judiciary and intelligence ministry . .” —camella entekhabifard, “tehran’s eternal youth,” new york times based on this quote, how does camella entekhabifard feel about the iranian government? a. she supports reforms and was disappointed when they did not come about. b. she supports hard-liners who want the supreme leader to have more power. c. she believes reformers should be silenced to keep iran's government strong. d. she supports a more democratic government but opposes freedom of speech.