Using complete sentences, describe europe before the existence of the nation-state.

Throughout the 18th century and before then, the political, geographical, economic and social comformation of Europe was dictated by the existence of Empires and some smaller kingdoms that were characterized by the fact that they were not identified by a single common language and culture, but rather, they were regions commanded by a ruler, or a dynasty, whose language and customs ruled others, even if the ethnicity and origins, as well as language and customs of those ruled, were totally different. As such, before the 19th century, with the emergence of nationalism and a sense of belonging to a specific nation, and thus the emergence of states, the European continent, and most others, except for Australia and Antartica, was divided into 6 major empires: Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, British Empire, Kingdom of France and Kingdom of Hungary and some smaller kingdoms. The main characteristic was, a divergence of language and cultural backgrounds, all united under a ruler, but without any links, except for the ruler and the region where people lived.

dear friend:

  i hope this letter finds you in soaring spirits and vibrant health. as you had expressed the wish to know about culture, traditions, and unity of india in your previous letter, in the following lines i have tried my best to give you glimpses of our culture, traditions, and unity. you will be amazed to know that our culture is the oldest culture in the world and the birth place of hinduism, buddhism, jainism, and sikhism. you won’t find any other culture as varied and multi-colored, multi-lingual as ours. each region has its own unique culture, traditions, language. there are 22 official languages in india.

  basically, india is a spiritual country with orthodox traditions. for example the people of india believe in traditions set by their wise forefathers. arranged marriages, joint-family system, universal brotherhood, vegetarianism, celebrating festivals such as diwali, holi, eid, etc., are the salient features of our culture and traditions.

  another unique aspect about our country is ‘unity in diversity’. in spite of the multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-traditional, multi-cultural society, people live peacefully together, respecting one another’s views, cultures, traditions, and differences. i am sure you would love to visit india soon, and have a first-hand experience of the multi-colored culture. give regards to uncle and aunt. do visit india with your family and experience our hospitality.

your friend,

colony: virginia

1: 1607,john smith

2: british were looking for gold and land

3: near oceans and theres forests

4: fishing? ithink

5: sometimes