Joseph, a three-year-old boy, is afraid of the doctor who gave him a shot and made him cry. consequently, whenever joseph sees a person in a white laboratory coat, he starts crying. in this scenario, joseph's behavior best exemplifies

In this scenario, Joseph's behavior best exemplifies "generalization in operant conditioning".

Operant conditioning refers to a sort of learning in which the results of conduct are controlled so as to increment or decline that conduct later on. Generalization in operant conditioning refers to the propensity or capability to make the scholarly reaction to a stimulus like the one for which it was initially reinforced.

United states v.  nixon, 418  u.s.  683 (1974),  was  a landmark  united states supreme court case  that resulted in a unanimous  decision  against president richard  nixon, ordering him to deliver tape recordings  and  other subpoenaed materials to a  federal  district  court.