"a question such as: "have you ever received a speeding ticket? yes no," when followed by a question such as: "when did you receive that ticket? " is an example of what type of question? "

"Have you ever received a speeding ticket? yes no," when followed by a question such as: "when did you receive that ticket?" is called a Contingency or Filter question. 

In social research, this types of questions enables the researcher determine whether the respondent is qualified or has enough experience to answer the next or preceding questions.  

It's most likely choice a, it makes the most sense in my opinion.