What factors led to the dramatic population growth of europe between 1500 and 1700?

One of the factors was the Columbian exchange.
It is known as Columbian exchange to exchange plants, animals, minerals, people and even ideas that were between America and Europe. This exchange raised the quality of life of people in Europe because I bring riches to the old continent, more food, and technology. The new technologies and plants allowed people to have access to new foods, improving their diet and extending their life expectancy.

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Ongoing civil wars western roman empire finally collapsed476 c.e. romulus, the last of theroman  emperors in  the west, was overthrown by the germanic leader odoacer, who became the first barbarian to rule in rome. the order that the  roman empire  had brought towestern  europe for 1000 years was no more.