adam  smith’s  economic  theory,  in  which  all  people  are  free  to  pursue  their  own  private interests,  is  known  as  what?

The correct answer should be Invisible hand

It is the idea that if people pursue their own self-interest, they will help the overall benefit the society. His idea was that doing this unintended will be more beneficial than if you voluntarily take action to help the society. Of course, criminal activities are not considered to be a good thing of pursuing self-interest.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada