How did annual islamic pilgrimages commerce and technology within the islamic world?

Charles schenck was a u. s. citizen and private in the army. while in military training during world war i, schenck printed and passed out leaflets explaining why he was against the draft (required military service). he was charged with violating the espionage act of 1917, a federal law outlawing any action interfering with military operations. schenck believed the espionage act violated his right to free speech. in which court would this case ultimately be decided, and why? a state criminal court, because schenck was accused of violating a criminal law a military tribunal, because the matter involved members of the military a county civil court, because it involved violation of a civil liberty the u. s. supreme court, because schenck challenged whether the law was constitutional

Janette goes into an electronics superstore to buy a new computer. the salesperson works with her to find the right model, and she agrees to buy a new computer for $500 and a floor-model 18-inch monitor for $100. just when she is ready to pay, the salesperson walks away for a minute and then comes back to inform her that the monitor she was ready to purchase can't be sold for < $125. she agrees to the extra $25 even though they had initially agreed on the $100 selling price. janette has fallen for the technique of gaining compliance.

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?