What basic understanding of environment and technology did post classical traders need to conduct their business?

The expansion and strengthening of long-distance trade directions often be contingent on the understanding of the people of a particular regional situation and their succeeding technological alterations.

•The scandinavian vikings used their longboats to transportable in coastal and open water as well as rivers and estuaries.

•The arabs and berbers adapted camels to travel crossways and everywhere the Sahara

 •The central asian pastoral groups used horses to travel in the steppes