What entity initially sets down the conditions or rules of behavior that must be followed by the probationer?

The answer is the court.  Most probation orders take in a contract amid the court and the offender in which a custodial or prison term is postponed and the probationer undertakes to comply with a set of trial rules or conditions commanded by the court. Take note that, probationary sentences may be decided by federal and state district courts and felony or state superior courts. 

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