What steps have been taken by the Government for universal education ?

The social contact theory states that

Imperial crisis inflation invasion pax romana great schismtrade during the , roman generals warred over succession. these conflicts drew soldiers away from the frontier and made the empire vulnerable to

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?