What perspective in criminology, other than learning theory, holds that crime is mostly normative (relatively normal and reasonably expected) behavior

Which three sentences in the story indicate that the passage is an ex nihilism type of creation story?

During the course of a raid, communication between swat team members suffered as excessive static overwhelmed radios. within the communication process, this static can be viewed as it interfered with the communication.

Based on the text why did another christian church appeal to european princes?