How can gravity affect volcanic eruptions?

Gravity can make large volcanoes warp under their own weight in two ways: they can either spread outward on top of their " basement " of underlying rock or sag downward into that basement. The way volcanoes deform strongly influences the stability of their structures, and when and how they erupt.

Explanation:

they can either spread outward on top of their "basement" of underlying rock or sag downward into that basement

the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.

the first question's answer is a.