Which of the following intentions of the Preamble to the Constitution is reflected in the following excerpt? “The states of New York and New Hampshire engaged in a de facto war over Vermont. Pennsylvania hired bands of Indians (and whites dressed as Indians) to scalp persons from other states who were attempting the Wyoming valley region. States engaged in disastrous tariff wars and issued large sums of worthless currency.”

a. Promote the general Welfare
b. Secure the Blessings of Liberty
c. Provide for the Common Defence
d. Insure Domestic Tranquility