A manager tells his employee, "If you exceed your sales quota, I will give you a bonus." In reinforcement theory, this is an example of .

because he is that the right

answer; self-serving bias;

answer; /// the need to make choices because economic wants exceed economic means;

as the nature of the work environment continues to change, new trends have emerged at the individual, team and organizational levels.

the workforce is now more demographically diverse than ever, and older workers represent a significant subset of the working population.

the increase in technology and the increasing complexity of tasks have led to more virtual and interdisciplinary teams. in addition, interest in multinational organizations has grown.

what leads us to that in today's world, the structure, content and work process have changed, and the work is:

more cognitively complex  

more team based and collaborative

more dependent on social skills

more dependent on technological competence.

more time pressed .

more mobile and less dependent on geography.

in today's world, we will also work for an organization that is probably very different due to competitive pressures and technological advances. these organizations are:  

more agile

more focused on identifying value from the customer's perspective.

more in tune with dynamic competitive requirements and strategy.

less hierarchical in structure and decision authority.

less likely to provide lifelong careers and job security

reorganizing continuously to maintain or obtain a competitive advantage.