Raising the federal funds rate decreases inflation because raising the federal funds rate increases the interest rates that banks charge each other for loans. Therefore, banks are less likely to take out loans to replenish their reserves. To keep their reserves at the required ratio, banks will lend less money.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most seniority. in the south carolina senate, the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most committee seniority.

answer; when the government fails to protect the fundamental rights of the people;

answer; the three types of research;