Whenever Fatima smells the same perfume her grandmother wore, she immediately feels and thinks of the emotions and memories from the times she spent with her grandmother as a child. From a biological perspective, why does this occur

the telephone is the answer

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

the correct answer is d

yes he has a little extra