A) Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Shaw v. Reno and Easley v. Cromartie. b) Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts elucidated in Easley v. Cromartie might have led to a different holding than the holding in Shaw v. Reno.

c) Describe an action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in Easley v. Cromartie could take to limit its impact.