What is the formula for calculating opportunity costs (output, input) ?

well i'm late but i think its: b, c, and e

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

answer; society;

answer; thin-slice judgments;