Travis was trying to keep up with Jessica drinking down at Cha Cha Cha, but was concerned about the hangover he would surely develop so was mindful to have a pint of water between tequila shots. As the night wore on he found himself going to the bathroom with ever increasing frequency and through the fog of his mind he remembered that he would be inhibiting ADH resulting in increased urination in response to:

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?